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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant drugs are the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of a high response, good tolerance and safety across the life span. It is important to choose the right dosage and medication that alleviates the symptoms of your child or yourself without causing any adverse side negative effects. It can take a lot of trial and error as well as a constant communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. They are extensively used as performance enhancement and cognitive enhancers by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates and other stimulant drugs are the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in immediate-release and extended-release formulas. Immediate-release medications are usually taken every four hours, as required. If they are not taken as often they can trigger an abrupt and brief decrease in energy. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications can also raise blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is especially the case when they do not consume enough food. Extended-release medicines are designed to release their active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by a doctor in case you're seeking long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take pills frequently throughout the day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch, known as Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a bandage and lasts all day. This kind of medication is typically prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD who require a daily dose that lasts longer than the immediate-release alternatives. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can assist manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors they can affect the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters be released, and aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently sent and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. Most antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are often combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medication is if the previous medication isn't working or it causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Around 70% to 80% children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They help reduce symptoms like talking to others and fidgeting. They can also improve social skills and job performance. The stimulant medication starts to work once it has crossed the blood-brain boundaries, which takes 45-60 minutes. They boost dopamine and norepinephrine levels between brain cells, which decreases hyperactivity and impulsivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger adverse effects like nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also cause anxiety and headaches. They can also make tics worse, and they may cause sleep issues in certain people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the night and day unlike the short-acting drugs that only last for a couple of hours. They can be employed to treat other conditions such as anxiety or depression. The medications affect the ways your body regulates chemicals called monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals stay in your body longer if they are not broken down. This can impact your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting drugs can have less side effects, and your doctor will prescribe smaller doses of the drugs that you consume throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available as extended-release forms that you take once a day. Some adults might find this more convenient however, it is important to keep in mind to take your stimulants each day. Other medications have been proven to be effective in treating many adults with ADHD such as selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are generally prescribed to treat anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. About 70% of people react to these medications. Bupropion, also referred to as Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These medications can cause serious side effects, such as ringing of the ears, anxiety and changes in heart and lung function. medication for adhd adults -acting Stimulant medications work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemical compounds that help people focus and control their behavior. They are available in many forms, and each has their own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two major kinds of stimulant medicines: the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). All have similar effects, however their duration of action is different. The methylphenidates can have a shorter-lasting effect lasting as long as three hours. Amphetamines on the contrary hand have a longer-lasting effect. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, and your doctor may prescribe them. It is essential to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, the frequency at which it should be taken, and any warnings. This will assist you and your doctor to decide on the right medication for you. It is important to know that these medications can have certain negative adverse effects, like trouble sleeping or loss of appetite. Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects. You may need to alter the dosage or try a different drug. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant medications, which take longer to start working but improve a person's ability to focus and control impulses. These drugs may be prescribed either in combination or on their own. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree is the first. It increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex, which regulates behavior. Guanfacine, also known as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. They work by preventing the release of these brain chemicals and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. medication for add adults was created to treat high blood pressure but has also been shown to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations There are a variety of combinations of drugs used by those suffering from ADHD. These include stimulants with depressant drugs such as the guanfacine and clonidine. These drugs can be calming for the brain, and reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behaviour. They can also reduce withdrawal symptoms of stimulants. This combination could be risky however, if it is not used properly. Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of developing serotonin-related syndrome, which is an emergency drug that occurs when the body has too excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure are at greater risk of developing adverse effects from this medication. Combinations of stimulants are now being used by teenagers and young adults. These substances are often called “legal highs” and are sold in pharmacies. They are also sold on the black market. These substances can be dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol or other substances. This is referred to as polydrug use and can be extremely dangerous. Mixing drugs can cause dangerous and unpredictable effects, such as increased heart rate, slow breathing, paranoia, hallucinations, seizures and addiction. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD, according to a study. Combining medications helped improve adherence and allowed patients to achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. Many patients, however, were unable to continue treatment due adverse effects. In a few cases the medication was stopped because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a poor diagnosis or a lack of medication. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. These drugs can be effective in enhancing the ability to focus and impulse control, but not as well as stimulants. They are less likely to inhibit appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD however they are less likely of enhancing concentration and focus. In a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta), when combined with methylphenidate produced better results than any drug on its own. Combining these two drugs improved compliance and reduced the risk of adverse effects for the majority of people. The combination proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable option for children with severe ADHD.